Papers - SHIMIZU Yuho

The effect of labeling of gambling disorder on negative attitudes Reviewed

Shimizu Yuho, Hashimoto Takaaki, Karasawa Kaori

Cognitive Studies: Bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society   28 ( 1 )   161 - 167   2021.3

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Cognitive Science Society  

Negative attitudes toward gambling disorder have a lot of undesirable effects on the patients' mental health and prevent them from fundamental human rights. Labeling is the process of specifying the name of the illness and understanding the patient in terms of their connection with the illness. The relation between labeling and negative attitudes toward gambling disorder has been investigated in the literature, but studies have not shown consistent results. In our study, we mainly focused on the roles of two mediator variables —responsibility and controllability— and also examined the effects of perceivers' past contact experiences with people with mental illness and of their gender. A total of 440 Japanese participants took part in the experiment. Half of the participants read the vignette with labeling to the target, who was diagnosed as having moderate gambling disorder, while the other half of the participants read a vignette without such labeling. We analyzed the data with Bayesian path analysis where we determined the model based on goodness of fit indices. The results suggested that labeling possibly decreases people's negative attitudes through a decrease in the extent of responsibility attributed to the target. Contact experience did not affect the attitudes and women tended to show more negative attitudes toward the target than men. Despite the limitations, the findings of the study have implications for human rights education and to reduce the negative attitudes toward gambling disorder.

DOI： 10.11225/cs.2020.063

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Other Link： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19H01748/

The effect of awareness of recreational gamblers on implicit attitudes Reviewed

Shimizu Yuho, Okada Kensuke, Karasawa Kaori

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY   60 ( 2 )   113 - 124   2021

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Group Dynamics Association  

Gamblers consist of two sub-categories: pathological and recreational gamblers. People have negative attitudes toward gamblers, which often makes pathological gamblers hesitant about seeking others’ help or seeing a doctor. To resolve this problem, relatively positive attitudes toward recreational gamblers might be effective in changing the negative stereotypes associated with them. In measuring the change in attitude, the effect of social desirability should be considered. For this purpose, implicit rather than explicit attitudes need to be evaluated. In this study, 40 university students participated in a vignette experiment. They read one of the vignettes depicting a target: pathological gambler or recreational gambler, and implicit attitudes toward gamblers were measured by Single-Category Implicit Association Test before and after reading the vignette. The results show that participants who read the vignette of a recreational gambler had more positive attitudes toward gamblers. We suggest that drawing awareness to the recreational gamblers subgroup, who are not often recognized, is effective in psychological research aiming to change attitudes toward pathological gamblers.

DOI： 10.2130/jjesp.2008

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/031297840

The complementation of the stereotype embodiment theory: Focusing on the social identity theory Reviewed

Shimizu Yuho, Hashimoto Takaaki, Karasawa Kaori

Journal of Human Environmental Studies   19 ( 1 )   9 - 14   2021

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society for Human Environmental Studies  

Elderly people are unique among various discriminated social groups (e.g., black, LGBT) because we all, sooner or later, come to be seen with the negative stereotype. People internalize the negative age stereotype (e.g., incompetent, out-of-date) through life, which has undesirable effects on themselves when they get older. We give an overview of the Stereotype Embodiment Theory (SET; Levy, 2009), consisting of four processes: internalization, unconscious operation, salience gain from self-relevance, and utilization of multiple pathways. The SET discusses the process of generating age stereotype through life, internalizing the stereotype, and the impact toward self. The theory helps to explain the process of elderly adults’ self-stereotyping but the SET cannot fully explain an empirically known tendency—a mixed finding that elderly people try to separate themselves from other elderly adults while they are also heavily influenced by negative age stereotypes (e.g., showing a decline in the score of memory tasks). To complement the SET, we introduce the Social Identity Theory (SIT; Tajfel, 1981), which is often used to show the process of generating stereotype among various social groups. By attributing the elderly’s identity to the younger age group, elderly people aim to detach themselves from other people of about the same age. Meanwhile, they face lots of social requests from other generations (e.g., “Elderly adults should not accumulate wealth, but pass it on to the next generation.”) and many opportunities to recognize that they are “the elderly,” which force them to attribute their identity to “the elderly group” appropriate for age. This process makes elderly adults to acquire the self-relevance to the negative age stereotype. The SET itself and the complementation of the theory help to discuss how to decrease undesirable effects of self-stereotyping on elderly people. Although there are some unresolved problems, this study provides a guideline for the literature.

DOI： 10.4189/shes.19.9

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/031590777

General cognition of various mental illnesses: Focusing on the Stereotype Content Model Reviewed

Shimizu Yuho, Hashimoto Takaaki, Karasawa Kaori

Japanese Journal of Social Psychology   37 ( 1 )   36 - 42   2021

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Social Psychology  

Negative stereotypes of mental illness have many kinds of undesirable effects on patients. Existing research has mainly investigated stereotypes of “mental illness” as a general term that covers various kinds of illnesses. While there might be differences among the stereotypes of different specific illnesses, this issue has not been fully focused on in Japan. In the current study, we used the Stereotype Content Model to visualize the stereotype of eight mental illnesses and “mental illness (general term).” The result showed that each mental illness is characterized by distinct stereotype patterns, with differences in associations between competence/warmth and various cognitive aspects (<i>e.g.</i>, responsibility, dangerousness, and seriousness) being observed, depending on the mental illness. We discuss the cause of differences in stereotypes for each mental illness and suggest the importance of investigating specific stereotypes in future research.

DOI： 10.14966/jssp.2012

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