研究者詳細 - 細田　雅也

Goal-Oriented L2 Reading Processes in Maintaining the Coherence of Narrative Comprehension 査読

その他リンク： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K13256/

USHIRO Yuji, HAMADA Akira, MORI Yoshinobu, HOSODA Masaya, TADA Go, KAMIMURA Kozo, OKAWARA Nijika

JACET Journal 62 109 - 128 2018年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：The Japan Association of College English Teachers

This study discusses the processes of reading in a second language that determine success in maintaining the coherence of narrative comprehension. In an experiment, Japanese university students thought aloud their cognitive processes when reading narratives, which included discrepancies between characters’ traits and actions. Participants, first, read 4 narratives to answer comprehension questions and then mentally visualized situations described in the other 4 narratives to prepare for drawing the 4-frame pictures. After classifying their verbal reports from lower-level processing (e.g., lexical and grammatical analysis) to higher-level processing (e.g., inference production), a decision tree analysis was conducted to examine which types of reading processes were more likely to reach success in keeping narrative comprehension coherent. In conjunction with the qualitative interpretations of think-aloud protocols, the results revealed that (a) mentally visualizing characters’ traits based on inference was a trigger for detecting coherence breaks in comprehension, and (b) strategic rereading and reasoning were used to resolve these comprehension in consistencies. These findings were consistent with the framework of the standards of coherence; goal-oriented reading regulated by a specific instruction affected the criteria that individual learners set for the level of coherence in comprehension.

DOI： 10.32234/jacetjournal.62.0_109

Supporting the maintenance of global coherence with the situational instruction: Evidence from eye movements during EFL reading 査読

その他リンク： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K13256/

Learning from expository text in L2 reading: Memory for causal relations and L2 reading proficiency 査読

Hosoda Masaya

Reading in a Foreign Language 29 245 - 263 2017年10月

Ushiro Yuji, Hosoda Masaya, Mori Yoshinobu, Tada Go, Kimura Yukino, Tanaka Natsumi, Nakagawa Hiroaki, Amagai Yuka

JACET Journal 61 ( 61 ) 89 - 107 2017年2月

The interplay of text cohesion and L2 reading proficiency in different levels of text comprehension among EFL readers 査読

細田雅也

Annual Review of English Language Education in Japan (ARELE) 27 201 - 216 2016年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：全国英語教育学会

The present study explored how the interplay of text cohesion and L2 reading proficiency affects EFL readers' text comprehension at different levels (i.e., textbase, situation models). In the experiment, a total of 100 Japanese university students read a low- or a high-cohesion expository text and performed 3 comprehension tests: a free recall test (FRT) assessing memory of explicit ideas in the text, a causal-question test (CQT) targeting understanding of relations between text events, and a problem-solving transfer test (PSTT) measuring learning from the text. Results showed that text cohesion facilitated memory of explicit text ideas regardless of readers' L2 reading proficiency level. In contrast, a Proficiency × Cohesion interaction was found for understanding of relations in the text: high-proficiency readers benefited from the low-cohesion text, whereas low-proficiency readers performed better when reading the high-cohesion text. Finally, a proficiency effect, but no cohesion effect was observed for learning from the text. The findings suggest that text cohesion affects textbase-level comprehension more than situation-model-level comprehension, whereas L2 reading proficiency consistently influences EFL readers' comprehension. Based on these findings, the study suggests pedagogical implications tailored to specific levels of comprehension and characteristics of the reader and text.

DOI： 10.20581/arele.27.0_201

How do Japanese EFL readers maintain coherence in narrative memory? 査読

Ushiro Yuji, Mori Yoshinobu, Hosoda Masaya, Tanaka Natsumi, Dowse Eleanor, Tada Go, Nakagawa Hiroaki

Annual Review of English Language Education in Japan (ARELE) 27 81 - 96 2016年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：全国英語教育学会

This study examined whether and how Japanese EFL readers maintain coherent narrative comprehension in their memory representations. If readers can successfully maintain coherence in their text comprehension despite encountering coherence breaks, their text memory is enhanced, but if they fail, their text memory can suffer (Otero & Kintsch, 1992). In this study, 48 Japanese EFL university students read 8 experimental narratives and performed a recall task. In each narrative, a character performed an action (e.g., "Mary ordered a cheeseburger") that was either consistent or inconsistent with a prior description of him or her (e.g., "Mary loved junk food" or "Mary was a vegetarian"). The results showed that participants recalled more descriptions and actions of the characters in the inconsistent texts than in the consistent texts, indicating that they selectively reprocessed the inconsistent information in order to maintain coherence. Moreover, most readers chose to edit the later character actions, rather than the preceding descriptions, by substituting the inconsistent actions with more neutral actions (e.g., "Mary ordered food"). These findings suggest that L2 readers slightly edited subsequent information in order to maintain coherence. Pedagogical implications are argued in terms of developing autonomous readers who can self-monitor coherence in their text comprehension.

DOI： 10.20581/arele.27.0_81

Maintaining the coherence of situation models in EFL reading: Evidence from eye movements 査読

Ushiro Yuji, Nahatame Shingo, Hasegawa Yusuke, Kimura Yukino, Hamada Akira, Tanaka Natsumi, Hosoda Masaya, Mori Yoshinobu

JACET Journal 60 ( 60 ) 37 - 55 2016年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：大学英語教育学会

This study involved two eye-tracking experiments that investigated whether and how Japanese EFL learners maintain coherent text comprehension (i.e., a situation model). The participants' eye movements were recorded while reading narratives each of which included an inconsistency between a description of a character (e.g., a vegetarian) and a subsequent action of his or hers (e.g., ordering a cheeseburger). In Experiment 1, these inconsistent statements were separated by only a single intervening sentence, so as to examine the maintenance of local coherence of situation models. The results showed that inconsistency increased initial processing time of the sentence describing the characters' action; furthermore, it caused more participants to look back to the earlier description of the character. Experiment 2 manipulated the distance between inconsistent statements (1 vs. 4 sentences) to examine the maintenance of both local and global coherence of situation models. The results indicated that local inconsistency induced more look-backs, but that there was no such effect in the global condition, thus indicating the difficulty of maintaining global coherence of situation models. These results are discussed in light of the cognitive process involved in construction of coherent situation models during EFL reading.

質問応答モデルQUESTに基づく錯乱肢の作成：解答収束メカニズムを利用して

その他リンク： http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/10501844

細田雅也

EIKEN BULLETIN 27 73 - 92 2015年11月

A generalizability theory study on the assessment of task-based reading performance 査読

Ushiro Yuji, Hamada Akira, Hasegawa Yusuke, Dowse Eleanor, Tanaka Natsumi, Suzuki Kentaro, Hosoda Masaya, Mori Yoshinobu

JLTA Journal 18 92 - 114 2015年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本言語テスト学会

The present study describes the first step in the development and validation of a task-based reading performance test. We designed 6 information transfer task test items in which test-takers were required to transfer what they comprehended from passages (e.g., reading a travel schedule and communicating it to circle members via email). To validate extrapolations on the construct validity of our task-based reading performance test, this study examined the reliability of the test scores by performing a generalizability theory study and a qualitative analysis of rating approaches. In particular, we considered 3 factors (task characteristics, number of raters, and type of rating scale) that affect the reliability of observed scores to obtain an appropriate rating scale and procedure. Over 3 weeks of English classes, 122 Japanese university students completed the 6 different reading tasks. Their reading task outcomes were scored by 6 raters using either a task-dependent or task-independent rating scale. A generalizability study suggested that the 2 types of rating scale could be used alternatively, but qualitative analysis revealed that the 2 rating procedures differed in scoring of local errors associated with detailed information, appropriate reorganization of passage contents, and appropriateness of sociolinguistic elements. Moreover, a decision study demonstrated that the reliability of the observed scores was strongly affected by the number of tasks. To obtain a strictly high-reliability coefficient (.80), 7 tasks by 3 raters are desirable using the task-independent rating scale, while 9 tasks by 3 raters are necessary using the task-dependent rating scale. This study suggested the applicability of task-based reading performance tests and points to be noted for the test implementation from the viewpoints of test material development, scoring procedures, and possible washback effects on teaching and learning of English as a foreign language.

DOI： 10.20622/jltajournal.18.0_92

Building causally coherent mental representations and learning from expository texts among Japanese EFL readers 査読

Understanding expository text in EFL reading: Focusing on text explicitness, familiarity, and L2 reading proficiency 査読

Hosoda Masaya

KATE Journal 29 45 - 56 2015年3月

Causal inferences during EFL reading of expository texts: Effects of two types of familiarity and L2 reading proficiency 査読

Hosoda Masaya

Annual Review of English Language Education in Japan (ARELE) 26 205 - 220 2015年3月

Ushiro Yuji, Hamada Akira, Kimura Yukino, Nahatame Shingo, Hosoda Masaya, Kato Daiki, Watanabe Yoko

JACET Journal 59 ( 59 ) 131 - 150 2015年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：大学英語教育学会

This study examined whether (a) EFL learners can build a mental representation of an expository text that represents causal relations among text ideas and (b) building a causally coherent representation leads to learning from the text. In the experiment, three groups of Japanese university students at different English reading proficiency levels (i.e., advanced, upper-intermediate, and lower-intermediate) read an expository text and took an immediate recall test. To assess the learning outcomes from text reading, participants also answered a why-question test a week later in which they were asked to explain the causal sequences of a scientific phenomenon described in the expository text. The results indicated that causally important text ideas were represented in the participants' memory regardless of their proficiency, but linking those ideas based on causal relations was difficult especially for lower-intermediate learners. In addition, maintaining a causal linkage of text ideas in long-term memory promoted learning performances. This research suggested that good expository comprehension and learning depend on the degree of learners' involvement in explanation-based reasoning.