記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

その他リンク： http://kashida-yoshio.com/gensho/3gou/3gou.html

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　薬物依存者は，薬物への渇望に対応するという問題にくわえて，周囲の人間にそのつらさをわかってもらえないという悩みもかかえている。だが，薬物からの離脱の取り組みにおいては，渇望感や使用経験を率直に話すということが必要となる。ある女子少年院におけるプログラム（「矯正教育プログラム（薬物非行）」）において，参加者たちは，受講少年が話しやすいグループづくりに取り組んでいた。
　受講少年は，自身と同じ悩みや苦しみをほかの受講少年もしてきたことを見いだして共感し，わかってもらえると感じていた。その一方，薬物使用経験がない指導者たちは，独自のアプローチを見せた。薬物依存の指導経験が豊富な臨床心理士は，専門家ならではの表現や見方を提示し，少年の自己理解を助けようとしていた。少年院教官は，嗜好品断ちをして少年の気持ちを理解しようとしたり，一般人の見方をあえてぶつけたりしていた。これらを，薬物使用経験を「わかる」の３基盤として整理した。
　グループづくりは成功し，受講少年は積極的にプログラムに取り組んだ。断薬への決意を固め，そのための知識を習得した。薬物依存経験が共通している少年たちを集めて実施したプログラムは成功裏に終わった。

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

Teaching critical thinking skills is among the top priorities for higher education in Japan and the United States. Ennis (1987) divides critical thinking skills into two types: dispositions and abilities. In Japan, Hirayama and Kusumi (2004) have developed a Japanese measurement called the Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CTDI). This measurement consists of four subscales with 33 items. The responses are made using a five-point Likert scale.
In four studies at a small private university in the Japanese metropolitan area, the CTDI was administered to more than 400 undergraduate students. Among the four subscales, the average highest rating was the score for "inquiry-mind" and the lowest score was for "self-confidence for logical thinking." These results hold true for the four studies, while the order of the other two subscales of "objectiveness" and "evidence-based judgment" varied among the four studies.
In one study, about 50 students worked on the Wason selection task. Their performance was poor when the content of the task was purely logical and abstract, but the performance was much better when it was an everyday and pragmatic task, as argued by D'Andrade (1995). Those who successfully solved the everyday, real task rated themselves higher on the CTDI and higher on the subscale for "self-confidence for logical thinking." This constitutes a basis for the measurement validity of the CTDI.

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　薬物依存からの回復について，NAのベーシックテキストでは，断薬とスピリチュアルな成長が必要とされている。パネル調査インタヴュー法を用いて，ある薬物依存者の断薬史を再現することができた。その一方，スピリチュアルな成長誌を調べるには，克明な日記の存在が効果的であった。
　NAミーティングが効果的であり，積極的に発言するということがスピリチュアルな成長を示すものであった。発言することに手応えを感じたり，NAの世話人を引き受けたりといった小さなエピソードは，日記においてその日付とともに記録され，出来事の前後関係を再構成する資料をもたらすものとなっていた。

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　　 A demonstration development project which implements the softw What is going on at party rehearsals? What kind of work do the party directors achieve? What forms do their assessments take? In order to inquire into these research questions, rehearsals of a party to celebrate commencement at a University in Japan were video recorded and studied .
　　The party director's decision making process was crystalized in the form of the cue sheet. For the party to be a success, spatially distributed people needed to coordinate and achieve synchronization of their actions. One of the mechanisms utilized is called anajiri, which means the end (bottom) of the announcement. Assessments of the director were implied in his order of repeating certain portions of the agenda, which indicated that the previous performance was not satisfactory. The director also specified the cause of failures, determining whether the failure was due to the malfunction of the radio communication system or another type of problem. By conducting this work, the director was serving as the center of coordination.

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　　The Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center (DARC) is a Japanese organization that was established to support recovering drug addicts. The DARC operates halfway houses in about 60 cities in Japan. In order to investigate the common features and variations of the recovery process experienced by drug addicts, 15 recovering addicts who were attending the ‘meetings’ at X and Y DARCs, located in major urban areas, were interviewed.
　　One of the research findings is the unique character of information ecology of recovering addicts, in which cell phones provide an almost exclusive access to illegal drugs. As a general rule, X and Y DARCs prohibit inmates from having cell phones. One recovering addict was allowed to own a cell phone after getting a job, and soon had a relapse. Another recovering addict had to change cell phone numbers several times so that people who wanted to use illegal drugs with him could not contact him.
　　An example of creating ibasho was illustrated by the behavior of Mr. H who was in his early 20s and in the early stage of recovery. He had a phone number of a friend at whose place Mr. H wanted to stay in case he was forced to leave Y DARC. After several months at Y DARC, he had become comfortable and threw away the number. Mr. H also had a phone number of a drug dealer. He let the number be known to another recovering addict at Y DARC. That individual had a relapse and was moved to another halfway house. Mr. H’s manipulation of phone numbers was interpreted as an attempt to make Y DARC ibasho, a safe, comfortable place where recovering addicts can focus on stopping their use of drugs.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　　 A demonstration development project which implements the software so that to have the robot make movements which displays its potential over a one month period at a robotics laboratory in Japan was studied. A team made up of one researcher (leader) and a graduate student worked on the project. Referring to comparable research at an American university and interviews with one visiting researcher to that American university from Japan, analyses are conducted focusing on decision making and educational communication between leaders and graduate students. In contrast to the myth that decisions making in organizations are made by leaders and are top-down phenomena, the graduate student in the Japanese lab made a major contribution to "decision making" by providing ideas about what motions were to be implemented. The leader was playing the role of leader by assessing if development was making progress or whether what was proposed by the student was plausible in terms of time and technique. There seemed to be little difference between the Japanese lab and its U.S. counterpart except for the lab organization and the student salary system. The employed methodology of microethnography and conversation analysis with video and audio records proved strong and effective for showing the way "decisions" are made collaboratively by team members.

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　　Six 'Japanese' high school students in S city, in the Western U.S.A., were interviewed about their daily life experiences and cultural identities. Five of them kept time management records over a four-day period. One of the five students also collected logs of her PC use with iShowU software.
　　The six students in this study were busy going to and studying at local high schools. They had many Asian-American friends. In comparison with high school students in Japan, they spent more time on studying at home and using PCs. Compared with Japanese people in S city twenty years ago, the six students of this study had conducted their daily lives using Japanese language more, thanks to the development of information technology. Consequentially, they had better command of Japanese and felt comfortable being "Japanese" living in the U.S.
　　While five students attended a Saturday Japanese supplementary school and enjoyed talking to Japanese friends there, the sixth student did not attend the supplementary school and had a kind of identity crisis: "I don't know 'what I am culturally' these days." It is concluded that while the development of information technology has made information/developmental ecology of Japanese high school students in S city more like those of comparable students living in Japan, that chatting activities in Japanese during lunch break at the supplementary school is critical for establishing cultural identity for Japanese high school students living in the U.S.

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　　In a Japanese female prison, an educational program to help inmates with drug rehabilitation was started in 2006. Two courses held in the Summer and Fall of 2006 were observed, and inmates/students and teachers were interviewed in order to evaluate the program.
　　Among the students who took the courses, which were designed to help them in their addiction recovery process, four levels of anxiety and conflict were specified . The first level of conflict concerns whether they should quit using drugs. The second level is concerned with their eagerness and motivation for drug rehabilitation . The third level of anxiety deals with whether they are going to succeed in their addiction recovery. The fourth level is concerned with their eagerness and motivation to participate in the program.
　　Almost all students showed eagerness to quit using drugs, while some of them were worried because they had already tried and failed . The second of the two courses we observed, which was heavily informed by cognitive-behavioral therapy, placed more emphasis on how to prepare inmates for critical relapse situations that may occur after they leave the prison. It seems that the students in the second course demonstrated a higher confidence levels in the future success of their drug rehabilitation process than those in the first course.
　　Many effects of the program were observed. Student A said that she had learned some biological mechanisms of drug effects, and recognized herself as truly dependent on drugs. Listening to the other students talk about their drug use experiences, student A found that most of the others had similar problems .
　　The program provided time and resources for inmates to think about how their addiction recovery process would continue after their release from prison. Toward the end of the program, student A felt that she was ready to battle her drug addiction. She also wanted to share her experiences and help other drug users recover as well.
　　The words and expressions the inmates used describing “change” were categorized into four types. The first group consists of expressions using the intransitive and transitive verb “kawaru/kaeru” (to change). The second group is made up of phrases describing situations after the change using verbs other than “to change.” The phrases in the third group express the two situations before and after the transformation using the verb “chigau” (to be different/to vary). The fourth way of describing this transformation was to describe the situation before the change.
　　Correctional officers who taught the courses thought students A and B got the essential message of the program, while student C did not. Student C kept saying she would be all right and would quit using drugs because she hated life in prison so much. She did not imagine that she would encounter “critical situations” in which she may be in danger of feeling the need to use drugs again.
　　While student C was a first time prisoner, students A and B were in prison for two or more times. Their past failed attempts of weaning themselves from drugs loomed large. However, through this program, they learned skills to deal with “critical situations,” resulting in a rise in their confidence levels.
　　In conclusion, this analysis of observational and interview data has revealed some possible aspects of program effects. Without hard evidence of subsequent offenses by inmates who participated in this program, this detailed analysis of class interaction and interview discourses consist in a promising data source for program evaluation.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

　　Tetsuko Kuroyanagi has been a hostess of a TV talk show, Tetsuko's Room, for more than thirty years. In order to provide a demonstrative description of Tetsuko's skills as talk show hostess, a comparison is made between this program and another one broadcast by NHK, Hello from Studio Park. For three guests one each show from the two programs is selected, and the portions dealing with the "same" topic is chosen and transcribed for analysis.
　　When a singer and actor, Tetsuya Takeda, was a guest, he replayed interchanges which mark some moments of his career as an entertainer. While at Hello Tetsuya replayed without explicit elicitation from the hosts, at Room Tetsuko made focused attempts to solicit a target exchange which include the utterance of Tetsuya's wife which worked to keep their spirits high while they were struggling economically. Tetsuko's personal knowledge and memory about the guest seem critical eliciting this utterance.
　　When a speedskater and Olympic bronze medalist, Tomomi Okazaki, was a guest, the size of her thighs were one of major topics. In both shows, the hostess touched her thigh. While the hostess of Hello just rubbed, Tetsuko patted/slapped/smacked twenty-eight times. She made the slapping sounds heard to the audience so as to show how "good" Okazaki's muscles are. Tetsuko even slapped her own thighs to make a contrast.
　　Although Tetsuko's superior skills usually works well and makes the talk interesting and enjoyable, she remained silent while Mami Yamase changed styles of the clothes of her designing from skirts to pants. Pauses of few seconds long were not heard too long while watching Yamase changed styles. Still, the fact that Tetsuko did not talk for that long stood out.
　　Comparisons of the same guests talking the "same" topics have provided several important findings. First, Tetsuko Kuroyanagi has superlative skills of eliciting interesting utterances. Second, however, even Tetsuko is sometimed forced to remain silent while the talk show guest engage herself in some activities to be shown. Third, therefore, "chattiness" should not be attributed to a person but be an attribute of the situation.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）